(9)   Information About Liberty's Operating Segments

The Company, through its ownership interests in subsidiaries and other companies, is primarily engaged in the media and entertainment industries. The Company identifies its reportable segments as (A) those consolidated subsidiaries that represent 10% or more of its consolidated annual revenue, annual Adjusted OIBDA (as defined below) or total assets and (B) those equity method affiliates whose share of earnings represent 10% or more of the Company's annual pre-tax earnings.

Liberty’s chief operating decision maker evaluates performance and makes decisions about allocating resources to the Company’s reportable segments based on financial measures such as revenue and Adjusted OIBDA (as defined below). In addition, the Company reviews nonfinancial measures such as subscriber growth, churn and penetration.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company has identified the following subsidiaries as its reportable segments:

The Company's reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each segment requires different technologies, differing revenue sources and marketing strategies. The significant accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the Company's summary of significant policies in the Company's annual financial statements filed on Form 10-K.

As of December 31, 2023, Live Nation met the Company’s reportable segment threshold for equity method affiliates. Accordingly, the segment presentation for prior periods has been conformed to current period segment presentation. Although the Company owns less than 100% of the outstanding shares of Live Nation, 100% of the Live Nation amounts are included in the tables below and are subsequently eliminated in order to reconcile the account totals to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As disclosed in note 2, the Company’s investment in Live Nation was reattributed from the Liberty SiriusXM Group to the Liberty Live Group effective August 3, 2023.

Performance Measures

The following table disaggregates revenue by segment and by source:

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Live Nation’s revenue was $3,800 million and $3,127 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Our subsidiaries’ customers generally pay for services in advance of the performance obligation and therefore these prepayments are recorded as deferred revenue. The deferred revenue is recognized as revenue in our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations as the services are provided. Changes in the contract liability balance for Sirius XM Holdings during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were not materially impacted by other factors. The opening and closing balances for our deferred revenue related to Formula 1 and other subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were approximately $248 million and $664 million, respectively. The primary cause for the increase related to the receipt of cash from our customers in advance of satisfying our performance obligations.

Significant portions of the transaction prices for Formula 1 and other subsidiaries are related to undelivered performance obligations that are under contractual arrangements that extend beyond one year. The Company anticipates recognizing revenue from the delivery of such performance obligations of approximately $2,017 million for the remainder of 2024, $2,417 million in 2025, $1,931 million in 2026, $5,467 million in 2027 through 2031, and $1,869 million thereafter. We have not included any amounts in the undelivered performance obligations amounts for those performance obligations that relate to a contract with an original expected duration of one year or less.  

For segment reporting purposes, the Company defines Adjusted OIBDA as revenue less operating expenses, and selling, general and administrative expenses excluding all stock-based compensation, separately reported litigation settlements and restructuring, acquisition and impairment charges. The Company believes this measure is an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of its businesses, by identifying those items that are not directly a reflection of each business’ performance or indicative of ongoing business trends. In addition, this measure allows management to view operating results and perform analytical comparisons and benchmarking between businesses and identify strategies to improve performance. This measure of performance excludes depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, separately reported litigation settlements and restructuring, acquisition and impairment charges that are included in the measurement of operating income pursuant to GAAP. Accordingly, Adjusted OIBDA should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, operating income, net income, cash flow provided by operating activities and other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties, that is, at current prices.

Adjusted OIBDA is summarized as follows:

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Other Information

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The following table provides a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to Operating income (loss) and Earnings (loss) before income taxes:

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