(1)   Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Liberty Media Corporation (formerly named Liberty Spinco, Inc.; see discussion below pertaining to the Starz Spin-Off (defined below)) ("Liberty" or the "Company" unless the context otherwise requires) represent a consolidation of certain media and entertainment related assets and businesses. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Liberty, through its ownership of interests in subsidiaries and other companies, is primarily engaged in the media and entertainment industries primarily in North America. Our significant subsidiaries include Sirius XM Holdings Inc. (“SIRIUS XM”) and Braves Holdings, LLC (“Braves Holdings”). Our significant investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting is Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. ("Live Nation"). Additionally, as discussed in notes 2 and 7, Liberty obtained a nearly 20% interest in Delta Topco Limited (“Delta Topco”), the parent company of Formula 1, a global motorsports business, during 2016 and acquired the remaining interests, other than a nominal number of shares held by certain Formula 1 teams, during January 2017.

 

In September 2011, Liberty Interactive Corporation ("Liberty Interactive" and formerly named Liberty Media Corporation) completed the split-off of its former wholly-owned subsidiary (then known as Liberty Media Corporation) from its Liberty Interactive tracking stock group (the "Split-Off").

 

In January 2013, Starz (now known as Starz Acquisition, LLC and formerly known as Liberty Media Corporation) spun-off (the “Starz Spin-Off”) its then-former wholly-owned subsidiary, which, at the time of the Starz Spin-Off, held all of the businesses, assets and liabilities of Starz not associated with Starz, LLC (with the exception of the Starz, LLC office building). The transaction was effected as a pro-rata dividend of shares of Liberty to the stockholders of Starz. Due to the relative significance of Liberty to Starz (the legal spinnor) and senior management's continued involvement with Liberty following the Starz Spin-Off, Liberty is being treated as the "accounting successor" to Starz for financial reporting purposes, notwithstanding the legal form of the Starz Spin-Off previously described. Therefore, the historical financial statements of the company formerly known as Liberty Media Corporation continue to be the historical financial statements of Liberty, and Starz, LLC has been treated as discontinued operations upon completion of the Starz Spin-Off in the first quarter of 2013. Therefore, for purposes of these consolidated financial statements, Liberty is treated as the spinnor for purposes of discussion and as a practical matter for describing all the historical information contained herein.

 

Also in January 2013, Liberty obtained a controlling interest and began consolidating SIRIUS XM, as further discussed in note 4.

 

During 2014, Liberty’s board of directors approved the issuance of shares of its Series C Liberty Media Corporation common stock to holders of its Series A and Series B Liberty Media Corporation common stock, effected by means of a dividend. On July 23, 2014, holders of Series A and Series B Liberty Media Corporation common stock as of 5:00 p.m., New York City, time on July 7, 2014, the record date for the dividend, received a dividend of two shares of Series C Liberty Media Corporation common stock for each share of Series A or Series B Liberty Media Corporation common stock held by them as of the record date. The impact of the Series C Liberty Media Corporation common stock issuance has been reflected retroactively in these consolidated financial statements due to the treatment of the dividend as a stock split for accounting purposes. Additionally, in connection with the Series C Liberty Media Corporation common stock issuance and the Broadband Spin-Off (defined below), outstanding Series A Liberty Media Corporation common stock warrants have been adjusted, as well as the number of shares covered by outstanding cash convertible note hedges and purchased call options (the “Bond Hedge Transaction”). See note 10 for further discussion regarding the warrants and Bond Hedge Transaction.

 

On November 4, 2014, Liberty completed the spin-off to its stockholders common stock of a newly formed company called Liberty Broadband Corporation ("Liberty Broadband") (the “Broadband Spin-Off”). Shares of Liberty Broadband were distributed to the shareholders of Liberty as of a record date of 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on October 29, 2014. At the time of the Broadband Spin-Off, Liberty Broadband was comprised of, among other things, (i) Liberty’s former interest in Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”), (ii) Liberty’s former subsidiary TruePosition, Inc. (“TruePosition”) (now known as Skyhook Holding, Inc. (“Skyhook”)), (iii) Liberty’s former minority equity investment in Time Warner Cable, Inc. ("Time Warner Cable"), (iv) certain deferred tax liabilities, as well as liabilities related to Time Warner Cable call options and (v) initial indebtedness, pursuant to margin loans, described in note 10, entered into prior to the completion of the Broadband Spin-Off.  Prior to the transaction, Liberty Broadband borrowed funds under margin loans and made a final distribution to Liberty of approximately $300 million in cash. The Broadband Spin-Off was intended to be tax-free to stockholders of Liberty, and in September 2015, Liberty entered into a closing agreement with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) which provides that the Broadband Spin-Off qualified for tax-free treatment.  In the Broadband Spin-Off, record holders of Series A, Series B and Series C Liberty Media Corporation common stock received one share of the corresponding series of Liberty Broadband common stock for every four shares of common stock held by them as of the record date for the Broadband Spin-Off, with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares.

As of the date of the completion of the Broadband Spin-Off, the Company’s former investments in and results of Charter and Time Warner Cable are no longer included in the results of Liberty. Based on the relative significance of TruePosition to Liberty, the Company concluded that discontinued operations presentation of TruePosition is not necessary. However, the table below includes the historical financial information of TruePosition, which is included in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

 

As a result of the Broadband Spin-Off and repurchases of Series A Liberty Media Corporation common stock, the Company’s additional paid-in capital balance was in a deficit position as of December 31, 2015. In order to maintain a zero balance in the additional paid-in capital account, we reclassified the amount of the deficit ($499 million) to retained earnings as of December 31, 2015.

 

During August 2014, Liberty Interactive completed the distribution of Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc. (“Liberty TripAdvisor”) (the “TripAdvisor Spin-Off”). During July 2016, Liberty Interactive completed the spin-off of CommerceHub, Inc. (“CommerceHub”) (the “CommerceHub Spin-Off”). During November 2016, Liberty Interactive completed the split-off of Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc. (“Expedia Holdings”) (the “Expedia Holdings Split-Off”). Following the Split-Off, Starz Spin-Off, TripAdvisor Spin-Off, Broadband Spin-Off, CommerceHub Spin-Off and Expedia Holdings Split-Off, Liberty, Liberty Interactive, Starz, Liberty TripAdvisor, Liberty Broadband, CommerceHub and Expedia Holdings operate as separate publicly traded companies, none of which has any stock ownership, beneficial or otherwise, in the other (except that Liberty Interactive owns shares of Liberty Broadband’s Series C non-voting common stock). In connection with the Split-Off, Starz Spin-Off, TripAdvisor Spin-Off, Broadband Spin-Off, CommerceHub Spin-Off and Expedia Holdings Split-Off, Liberty entered into certain agreements with Liberty Interactive, Starz, Liberty TripAdvisor, Liberty Broadband, CommerceHub and Expedia Holdings, respectively, in order to govern ongoing relationships between the companies and to provide for an orderly transition. As a result, these entities are considered related parties of the Company for accounting purposes through the dates of the respective transactions. These agreements include Reorganization Agreements (excluding CommerceHub, Expedia Holdings and Liberty TripAdvisor), Services Agreements, Facilities Sharing Agreements (excluding CommerceHub), a Lease Agreement (in the case of the Starz Spin-Off only) and with respect to Starz and Liberty Broadband, Tax Sharing Agreements. The Reorganization, Services and Facilities Sharing Agreements entered into with Liberty Interactive were assigned from Starz to Liberty in connection with the Starz Spin-Off.

 

The Reorganization Agreements provide for, among other things, provisions governing the relationships between Liberty and each of Liberty Interactive, Starz and Liberty Broadband following the Split-Off, Starz Spin-Off and Broadband Spin-Off, respectively, including certain cross-indemnities. Pursuant to the Services Agreements, Liberty provides Liberty Interactive, Starz, Liberty TripAdvisor, Liberty Broadband, CommerceHub and Expedia Holdings with general and administrative services including legal, tax, accounting, treasury and investor relations support. Liberty Interactive, Starz, Liberty TripAdvisor, Liberty Broadband, CommerceHub and Expedia Holdings reimburse Liberty for direct, out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Liberty in providing these services and for Liberty Interactive's and Starz's allocable portion of costs associated with any shared services or personnel based on an estimated percentage of time spent providing services to each respective company. Liberty TripAdvisor, Liberty Broadband, CommerceHub and Expedia Holdings reimburse Liberty for shared services and personnel based on a flat fee. Under the Facilities Sharing Agreements, Liberty shares office space and related amenities with Liberty Interactive, Starz, Liberty TripAdvisor, Liberty Broadband and Expedia Holdings at Liberty's corporate headquarters.  Under these various agreements, approximately $21 million, $23 million and $15 million of these allocated expenses were reimbursed to Liberty during the years ended December 31, 2016,  2015 and 2014, respectively. Under the Lease Agreement, Starz leases its corporate headquarters from Liberty. The Lease Agreement with Starz for their corporate headquarters requires a payment of approximately $4 million annually, subject to certain increases based on the Consumer Price Index. The Lease Agreement expires on December 31, 2023 and contains an extension option.

 

The Tax Sharing Agreements provide for the allocation and indemnification of tax liabilities and benefits between Liberty and each of Starz and Liberty Broadband as well as other agreements related to tax matters. Among other things, pursuant to the Tax Sharing Agreements, Liberty has generally agreed to indemnify Starz and Liberty Broadband for taxes and losses resulting from the failure of the Starz Spin-Off and the Broadband Spin-Off, respectively, to qualify for tax-free treatment. However, Starz will be responsible for any such taxes and losses related to the Starz Spin-Off which (i) result primarily from the breach of certain restrictive covenants made by Starz, or (ii) result from Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) applying to the Starz Spin-Off as a result of the Starz Spin-Off being part of a plan (or series of related transactions) pursuant to which one or more persons acquire a 50-percent or greater interest (measured by vote or value) in the stock of Starz, and Liberty Broadband will be responsible for any such taxes and losses related to the Broadband Spin-Off which (i) result primarily from the breach of certain restrictive covenants made by Liberty Broadband, or (ii) result from Section 355(e) of the Code applying to the Broadband Spin-Off as a result of the Broadband Spin-Off being part of a plan (or series of related transactions) pursuant to which one or more persons acquire a 50-percent or greater interest (measured by vote or value) in the stock of Liberty Broadband. In February 2014, the IRS and Starz entered into a closing agreement which provided that the Starz Spin-Off qualified for tax-free treatment to Starz and Liberty.    In September 2015, Liberty entered into a closing agreement with the IRS which provided that the Broadband Spin-Off qualified for tax-free treatment.